New national and regional bryophyte records, 63

L. T. Ellis, O. M. Afonina, I. V. Czernyadjeva, L. A. Konoreva, A. D. Potemkin, V. M. Kotkova, M. Alataş, H. H. Blom, M. Boiko, R. A. Cabral, S. Jimenez, D. Dagnino, C. Turcato, L. Minuto, P. Erzberger, T. Ezer, O. V. Galanina, N. Hodgetts, M. S. Ignatov, A. Ignatova, S. G. Kazanovsky, T. Kiebacher, H. Köckinger, E. O. Korolkova, J. Larraín, A. I. Maksimov, D. Maity, A. Martins, M. Sim-Sim, F. Monteiro, L. Catarino, R. Medina, M. Nobis, A. Nowak, R. Ochyra, I. Parnikoza, V. Ivanets, V. Plášek, M. Philippe, P. Saha, Md. N. Aziz, A. V. Shkurko, S. Ştefănuţ, G. M. Suárez, A. Uygur, K. Erkul, M. Wierzgoń & A. Graulich

Racomitrium Brid., in its traditional circumscription is poorly represented in the moss flora of Madagascar and hitherto only one specimen of this genus has been discovered on this fourth largest island in the world. It was collected in 1924 by Perrier de la Bathie on the Tsaratanana Massif, and Thériot (1926) reported it as an unnamed form of Racomitrium lepervanchei Besch., a species endemic to Réunion Island. As Racomitrium proved to be heterogeneous, it was split into six segregates (Ochyra, Żarnowiec et al. 2003;Bednarek-Ochyra, Ochyra, Sawicki et al. 2014;Sawicki et al. 2015), R. lepervanchei was placed in the genus Bucklandiella Roiv. Nevertheless, the voucher specimen was not studied by De Sloover (1977) in his survey of African Racomitrium and this material was assigned either to R. crispulum (Hook.f. & Wilson) Wilson (Crosby et al. 1983) or Bucklandiella membranacea (Mitt.) Bedn.-Ochyra & Ochyra (Marline et al. 2012), as R. lepervanchei was considered to be conspecific with these species (Clifford 1955;Lawton 1973). The specimen from the Tsaratanana Massif has distinct auricles and broad, flattened costa with 6-8 enlarged ventral guide cells, which are typical of Bucklandiella subsecunda. This is a pantropical oreophyte, widespread in tropical and subtropical Asia (Frisvoll 1988), sub-Saharan Africa (Bednarek- Ochyra 2012a, 2013;Ochyra and van Rooy 2013), Central and South America (Bednarek-Ochyra et al. 1999; Bednarek-Ochyra and Ochyra 2012b; Ellis, Bakalin et al. 2013) and the maritime Antarctic ).
Calymperes afzelii is known from Mexico, the West Indies, Central and South America, Asia, Africa, the Indian Ocean islands, the Pacific islands and Australia (Reese 2007).
Calymperes afzelli from Guinea-Bissau exhibits leaves bordered by a polystratose marginal rib, which in the chlorophyllose limb, incorporates stereids. In the leaf base the hyaline lamina is bordered by a narrow intramarginal rib of thick-walled linear cells. The marginal ribs in the chlorophyllose limb are denticulate and/or dentate. The modified apices of gemmiferous leaves are narrow and parallel-sided, running to a rounded tip (Ellis 2018).
This species was collected from the trunk of Sterculia tragacantha in a palm grove. Calymperes erosum occurs in Florida (USA), Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America, Asia, Africa, some Atlantic islands, some Indian Ocean islands, some Pacific islands, Australia (Reese 2007), and Italy (Pantelleria) (Brullo et al. 2001). The specimens identified from Guinea-Bissau have leaves bordered by an intramarginal rib extending from the base to near the apex, which in the chlorophyllose limb, incorporates stereids. At the apex of the hyaline lamina, the hyaline cells become acutely protuberant and overlap adjacent cells in the chlorophyllose lamina (Ellis 2018).

Calymperes erosum
On Bolama Island, C. erosum grew on the trunk of Calymperes pallidum has been recorded from the West Indies, South America, Africa and Asia (Reese 2007), and is characterised by the lack of stereids in the costa (Ellis 2018 Calymperes tenerum occurs in Mexico, the West Indies, South America (southern Brazil), Asia, Africa, the Indian Ocean islands, the Pacific islands and Australia (Reese 2007). Leaves in C. tenerum have an excurrent costa, and in the leaf base, the hyaline lamina is bordered by a broad band of quadrate to shortly subrectangular cells with thickened angles (Ellis 2018 This is the first record of Campylopus subulatus for the Liguria Region. This circumpolar species shows a fragmented distribution within both boreal and tropical mountains (Dierßen 2001), and it is rare in the Mediterranean Basin where it is known only from Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, Serbia and Slovenia (and other few countries with single records; Ros et al. 2013). In Italy C. subulatus has been reported only in four administrative regions (i.e. Piemonte, Toscana, Trentino Alto Adige and Lombardia; Aleffi et al. 2008) and was recently discovered in the Marche Region (Tacchi et al. 2009).
The plants were small, yellowish-green with sparsely branched stems. The leaves were slightly homomallous, appressed when dry, lanceolate, abruptly narrowed to a long subula, with the costa filling almost the entire subula; leaf margins were plane and entire, and leaf cells linear. The capsule was erect, cylindrical with linear peristome teeth, divided from the middle.
Ditrichum heteromallum has been found in some areas in Arunachal Pradesh (Eastern Himalaya), Uttarakhand (Western Himalaya) and Uttar Pradesh, and is recorded for the first time from Darjeeling Himalaya in West Bengal. Dryptodon austrofunalis is the largest representative of the genus in South America, usually imitating racomitrialean mosses by having sinuose laminal cells. However, it is easily known by its costal anatomy and frequent formation of multicellular stalked gemmae on the dorsal side of the proximal part of the costa. The species is widely scattered in the Andes from southern Chile to Venezuela (Muñoz 1999). Its distribution in Chile is still inadequately known and it was recorded only from some stations in the Regións of O'Higgins, La Araucanía and Los Lagos (Muñoz 1999) and Maule, Bío-Bío and Aisén, largely without indication of the sources (Müller 2009). Recently, the species was reported from Última Esperanza Province in the Región Magallanes (Larraín and Bahamonde 2017) and Capitán Prat Province in the Región Aisén (Larraín 2016), as well as from all provinces in the Región Bío-Bío (Ireland et al. 2017). Herein, D. austrofunalis is recorded from Coyhaique Province in the Aisén Región where it occurs in abundance. Dryptodon austrofunalis was originally described from Australia, and it is widely distributed in Australasia. It had also been reported from Europe (Ireland, Scotland, England, Greece) (Greven 1997), but these records proved be incorrect and actually refer to various other species of Dryptodon Brid. (Maier 2010). Thus, D. austrofunalis has to be considered a south-amphipacific-temperate species. This is a relatively rare distribution pattern, exhibited only by a small group of austral mosses (Ochyra and Lewis Smith 1998;Bednarek-Ochyra and Ochyra 2011;Ochyra, Crabtree et al. 2015). Worldwide, Ectropothecium M.Fleisch. is represented by 203 species (Crosby et al. 1999), of which 12 occur in India. These are mostly distributed in the Eastern Himalaya, and restricted in Western Himalaya and South India (Lal 2005). Gangulee (1980) reported five species from the Darjeeling district.
The plants were glossy, yellowish-green with ovate-lanceolate, falcate, concave, leaves. These had a double costa, linear-rhomboidal lamina cells, and alar cells not well differentiated, with only a few inflated, rectangular cells present at the basal angles. The leaf margins were serrate above and in places, irregularly recurved.
Ectropothecium cyperoides is distributed in Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Uttarakhand and South India. It is here recorded for the first time from Darjeeling Himalaya in West Bengal. Fissidens celticus was identified among collections from the Bozyazı District in the southern part of the Taşeli Plateau (Mediterranean Region of Turkey, Mersin). It is an oceanic stenotopic species, reported here for the first time from Turkey and southwest Asia. Fissidens Hedw. has been represented by about 25 taxa in Turkey (Ezer 2016;Erdağ and Kürschner 2017). The latest taxonomic and distributional status of the species was determined by reference to Ros et al. (2013), and Erdağ and Kürschner (2017). This new record, F. celticus, brings the total to 26 taxa in Fissidens known from Turkey.

Fissidens celticus
The species has been reported from several European localities: Britain and Ireland, Belgium, northern and western France, Italy (Sardinia), Spain (Iberian Peninsula), Switzerland, and western Germany (Vanderpoorten and Sotiaux 2002; Guerra et al. 2012;Ros et al. 2013;Hodgetts 2019). In addition, the species is included in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in the LC category (Hodgetts 2019).
Fissidens celticus is a European endemic moss, characterised by unbordered leaves, distinctly bent costa, and crenulate leaf margin (Vanderpoorten and Sotiaux 2002;Smith 2004). The present record of F. celticus from Anatolia is an important extension of range southwards. The region is characterised by a Mediterranean climate with mild wet winters and warm to hot, dry summers. The speciemens occurred on on moist calcareous soil together with Bartramia stricta Brid., Bryum dichotomum Hedw., Didymodon tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa, Targionia hypophylla L., and Timmiella barbuloides (Brid.) Mönk. The population was sterile, and therefore, sporophytes are unknown in Turkey. The Paraje Tres Cerros Private Nature Reserve (Corrientes, Argentina) was created to protect the unique landscape within Corrientes Province, with rocky outcrops of sandstones and basalts that protrude from the vast plain that surrounds them. The southern slopes are more pronounced and retain moisture, creating characteristic plant formations on the opposite side of the hills (e.g. gramineous shrub-steppe on the northern slope and hygrophilic forest on the southern slope) (Carnevali 1994). This phenomenon generates a great diversity of microhabitats (Cajade et al. 2013) suitable for bryophyte colonisation. Samples recently collected were processed according to the classic methodology for this group and deposited at CTES herbarium (Anderson 1954;Gradstein et al. 2001). One such sample was identified as Fissidens submarginatus Bruch, a species characterised by the presence of a vaginant lamina, not clasping the stem; limbidium present on all leaves, extending the entire length or nearly so of the vaginant laminae; laminal cells unipapillose, and costa percurrent or sub-percurrent ending one or two cells below the leaf apex (Pursell 2007).

Fissidens submarginatus
Fissidens submarginatus inhabits soil, rock or termite mounds, and also at the bases of decomposing trunks and branches (Bordin and Yano 2013). In Argentina the species was found growing mixed with Lophocolea bidentata (L.) Dumort. and Lejeunea lepida Lindenb. & Gottsche. Its distribution includes Africa and America, from United States to southern Paraguay and Brazil (Pursell 2007), and is here recorded for the first time for Argentina, representing its southernmost extent.
This alpine species is reported from Corsica for the first time. In Europe, Grimmia incurva is present in nearly every montane area (Smith 2004). Nevertheless this species has hitherto, never been reported from the Mediterranean islands (Ros et al. 2013 In Corsica, the only record of this pleurocarpous moss dates back to 1902. Indeed H. eugyrium was then reported from Aitone forest (Camus 1902). Since that report this species has never been reported from Corsica or from other Mediterranean islands (Ros et al. 2013). Hyophila involuta has a pantropical distribution and is also known from Europe (Austria, Germany, France, Italy, Slovenia, Switzerland and Spain) (Eckel 2007;Hodgetts 2015). In Guinea-Bissau, H. involuta forms blackish green tufts, the leaves are lingulate with a broadly pointed apex. The upper leaf margins are denticulate and the lamina cells are mamillose on the ventral surface (Frey et al. 2006). This species was found on an artificial wall at Ofir beach, where it is periodically exposed to sea water. This is the first record from Corsica for this variety of Hypnum Hedw. that is widely distributed in the Mediterranean basin (Ros et al. 2013). Worldwide the genus Isopterygium Lindb. is represented by 150 species (Crosby et al. 1999); 21 of these are found in India, distributed both in the Eastern and Western Himalayas, and in southern India (Lal 2005). Gangulee (1980)  Leucobryum glaucum is a large cushion forming, pannemoral, mezophytic, helio-sciophytic, acidophilic, dioecious, oligomezotrophic and coenotically inactive species. It forms whitish-green, domed cushions, up to 6-8 cm high and up to 10-15 cm wide. In the Ukraine it is known from several localities: Zakarpattya, Ukrayins ′ ki Karpaty, Prykarpattya, Poliss'ia (borealnemoral zone) and Lisostep, but only two specimens are known from the far east of the steppe zone of the Ukraine (Boiko 1992(Boiko , 2008(Boiko , 2009. A record of the species in the Autonomous Republic of the Crimea is very doubtful (Partyka 2005). The species is generally distributed in Europe, the Caucasus, North Africa, Asia, North and Central America, and Oceania (Boiko 2009;Ellis, Aleffi, Asthana et al. 2018). The new discovery is the first for the Black Sea lowland of the subzone of fescue-feather grass steppes of southern Ukraine. The closest known other location for this species is more than 300 km to the north, near Irdin' Marsh in the Cherkassy region (D. Zerov's finding). The moss L. glaucum is dioecious, and rarely develops sex organs and spore capsules. In the conditions prevailing in the Ukraine, it propagates vegetatively by fragmentation and by buds on rhizoidal protonema. Leucobryum glaucum belongs to the category of 'regionally rare' species in the steppe physical and geographical zone of the Ukraine, in particular for Kharkiv, Kherson and Lugans'k regions. , also indicate that the species is not restricted to the western half of the basin. These collections are morphologically consistent with the described specific variation, all of them showing the distinct tomentum on stems and leaf bases, interpreted as axillary hairs whose overdevelopment is not found in other mosses (Medina et al. 2011). The density of brood bodies is variable across colonies, being much higher in younger tufts without sporophytes. This suggests a reproductive strategy that combines asexual, short-distance, clonal propagation during early colonisation with longer-ranged spore dispersal once sexual reproduction has occurred (Kimmerer 1991). Orthotrichum pilosissimum is apparently an endemic of the Great Basin Floristic Province, colonising the creek valleys of mountain ranges dominated by pinyon-juniper woodlands between 1500 and 2300 m a.s.l. and growing on rocks and bark of different riverine phorophytes. Its presence in states within the same floristic province (adjacent regions of California, Oregon, and Idaho) is likely and a conservation status assessment for this scarcely known species will require further investigation.  (Mamatkulov et al. 1998;Ignatov et al. 2006;Blockeel et al. 2009;Ellis, Akhoondi Darzikolaei et al. 2011;Ellis, Alegro et al. 2012;Ellis, Aleffi, Tacchi et al. 2014;Ellis, Bayliss et al. 2014;Plášek et al. 2014). Herein, O. scanicum is added as a twelveth species of the genus to the moss flora of this country. It was first collected during a Czech-Polish expedition in 2011, which yielded a number of interesting bryophyte records (cf. Číhal et al. 2017), including a discovery of a new species, O. pamiricum Plášek, Sawicki & Číhal (Plášek et al. 2014). Orthotrichum scanicum grew on the branch of a mulberry shrub (Morus L. sp.) along a public road. The moss cushions were found at 1.5 m above the ground growing together with O. crenulatum Mitt. and Lewinskya speciosa (Nees) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet and richly producing sporophytes. As currently known, O. scanicum has a highly dissected panholarctic geographic range with maximum occurrence in Europe (cf. Skoupá et al. 2018). In Central Asia, the species was recently discovered also in Kyrgyzstan (Ellis et al. 2015), in western China (Skoupá et al. 2018) and one historical record is known also from Kazakhstan (Lewinsky-Haapasaari 1996). Philonotis yezoana is an Asian-North American species with its predominant distribution along the northern part of the coast of the Pacific Ocean. In Asia the species is known from Japan and Korea, and records in China, according to Koponen and Ignatova (2018), require confirmation. In North America it is distributed from Alaska to California and has isolated localities in Vermont and Newfoundland.

Philonotis yezoana Bisch & Cardot
In Russia this species was first reported from Kamchatka (Czernyadjeva 1995). However, Ochi (1962Ochi ( , 1963 previously reported a specimen as P. fontana var. seriata (Mitt.) Kindb. from the Kurils (Koponen et al. 2012). Later this species was found on Sakhalin , the Kuril Islands (Bakalin and Cherdantseva 2006;Cherdantseva 2006), and in Primorye (Gorobets and Smirnova 2004). It was recently reported in Finnish Lapland as a new species for Europe (Ulvinen and Kypärä 2016). The location of P. yezoana in southern Siberia (Buryatia) is significantly removed from its main range, and also from the site in Finnish Lapland where it is apparently a relict. Philonotis yezoana is easily recognised by the laminal cells with central papillae. This small cleistocarpic moss, described by Hedwig (1801) from Germany, is readily distinguished by the lax leaf areolation, denticulate leaf apex, and by the sporophytes appearing lateral along the stems due to subfloral innovations, sometimes more than one on a single stem. The studied specimen from Chile shows a typical morphology and matches in all traits with European material. The species is widely distributed in Europe, and also present in Macaronesia, Africa (Algeria, Morocco, Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, Zaire, Madagascar), Asia (Sri Lanka, Assam, Nepal, Japan), Tasmania, New Zealand, Mexico, and NW North America (Potier de la Varde 1955;Schofield 1968;De Sloover 1976;Smith 2004;Yip 2002Yip , 2007. The species has seldom been collected in South America, known from only three other collections, two from Brazil and one from Colombia (da Silva and Peralta 2017). Iwatsuki (1980) suggests that this taxon might have been introduced in Japan, which might be also the case with the Chilean populations. Its habitat in Chile, loamy roadsides with numerous puddles, looks quite similar to habitats in e.g. European Russia. This is the first record of Racomitrium elongatum for the Liguria Region, although this Euro-North American species is known to occur in most of the northern Italian administrative regions (Aleffi et al. 2008). Racomitrium elongatum typically grows on acid rocks in mountain areas with an oceanic climate. The species was found on serpentinite outcrops within the Beigua Regional Natural Park, in a beech forest and in marshy mountain grassland. This area is characterised by a sub-oceanic climate very close to that of the Mediterranean. Riccia huebeneriana grew along with Marchantia polymorpha L., Pellia neesiana (Gottsche) Limpr. and Riccia frostii Austin. This is the first report of Riccia huebeneriana from Romania (Ştefănuţ and Goia 2012). The conservation status of R. huebeneriana in Romania is Critically Endangered -CR B1ab(ii,iii) + 2ab(ii,iii). Schistidium andreaeopsis is characterised by plants relatively large, with blackish colour, laminal cells sinuose with dark red-orange walls. This species is rather similar to Schistidium holmenianum in overall appearance and both species grow on soil in tundras. Other species of the genus prefer rocky substrates. Unlike S. holmenianum, S. andreaeopsis has larger and more sinuose distal laminal cells, darker red-orange cell walls, a much weaker costa, and predominantly unistratose and denticulate or papillose-denticulate leaf margins (Ignatova and Blom 2017 Schistidium subflaccidum was described as Grimmia subflaccida Kindb. from Canada by Kindberg (1900). Blom et al. (2006) reported the taxon from the Caucasus and provided the first comprehensive description and illustrations. Subsequently the species was reported from a number of European countries including Austria, Albania, France and Switzerland (Köckinger, Suanjak et al. 2008;Ignatova et al. 2009;Chavoutier and Hugonnot 2013;Hodgetts 2015;Swissbryophytes 2019).

Racomitrium elongatum
In the European Alps the species has been found to be widespread on base-rich siliceous and calcareous rock types (pers. obs.; see Köckinger et al. 2008;Chavoutier and Hugonnot 2013;Schröck et al. 2013;Swissbryophytes 2019).
Here, S. subflaccidum is added to the bryoflora of the Italian Alps, where it seems to be widespread, at least in the region of Trentino-Alto Adige. Schistidium subflaccidum is reported from Italy in the new European checklist of bryophytes (Hodgetts et al. in prep.)  This Euro-Siberian species is of least conservation concern at the European scale (Hallingbäck 2019), but in Switzerland it is currently listed as critically endangered (Schnyder et al. 2004). For the European mainland, Scandinavia excepted, it is documented only from the Alps, in Austria, Germany, Switzerland and France (ECCB 1995). Only three of the fifteen total observations from the Alps are dated after 1980, with a single observation each from Austria (Grims 1999), Switzerland (Kiebacher et al. 2019) and Germany (Meinunger and Schröder 2007).
There have been no records of this species from France since 1977 (Chavoutier 2016). Old records from the French Pyrenees (Husnot 1884(Husnot -1890 are probably based on a nomenclatural confusion, as Husnot distributed material (Muscologia Gallica n°7 54) as Seligeria pusilla var. brevifolia Lindb. that he had received from Culmann, which was collected in the vicinity of Zurich in November 1884. This material was later revealed to be unrelated to Seligeria brevifolia (Lindb.) Lindb. (Culmann 1908). Our new data from France is from the locality described by Culmann (1930). Although works for a forest track have modified the site, probably some decades ago, the species could still be found there. Our data from the Canton de Vaud (two neighbouring sites) are the first reports for this species from this canton of Switzerland. Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. and S. medium were considered as synonyms, both names have been applied to a morphologically and ecologically variable species, widespread in the Northern Hemisphere. Brotherus (1901), Elenkin (1909), and Podpěra (1954) provided records of S. medium from Russian territory, which were later assigned to S. magellanicum. However, recent studies have demonstrated that several genetic groups and cryptic taxa exist within this species (Kyrkjeeide et al. 2016;Schwarzer and Joshi 2017;Yousefi et al. 2017), and three species are now formally recognised (Hassel et al. 2018). According to their results, S. magellanicum has a strictly South American distribution, while the two other species occur in Northern Hemisphere. Of these, a widespread circumboreal species was described as Sphagnum divinum Flatberg & Hassel, while S. medium was proposed for an Amphi-Atlantic moss, described from the Alps, which occurs in the British Isles, Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Norway, Sweden, Canada and USA (Hassel et al. 2018). Recently this species was found in Turkey (Ellis, Amélio et al. 2019). Recent revision of collections from the European part of Russia, added some localities for S. medium in the Polistovsky State National Reserve, which are the first Russian records of S. medium s.str. The Reserve lies in the south-western part of the Polistovo-lovatsky mire system, regarded as the largest bog system in Europe (Nosova et al. 2019). The five reported localities of S. medium can be assigned to three different microhabitats: wet ombrotrophic hollows, carpets, and drier hummocks, demonstrating the wide ecological amplitude of the species despite its location at the eastern boundary of its European distribution. Stereophyllum radiculosum has been listed for Mexico, West Indies, Central and South America, Asia, Africa and Australia (Buck and Ireland 2014). This species is recognised by its dull, complanate, singly costate leaves with short, rhomboidal laminal cells usually with a single papilla over the lumen (Buck and Ireland 2014).

Sphagnum medium
This collection was made in an open forest from a trunk of Faidherbia albida. This is the first record of Taxiphyllum wissgrillii for the Liguria Region. This species is distributed in Eurasia and northern Africa (Dierßen 2001) and occurs in several Mediterranean countries (Ros et al. 2013). In Italy T. wissgrillii was known from several administrative regions, particularly in the northern part of the Peninsula (Aleffi et al. 2008).
It usually grows in moist, shady places, on various types of substrate (Dierßen 2001). The site of the discovery is a serpentinite outcrop in a deciduous mesophilic forest dominated by beech (Fagus sylvatica L., referring to the Fagion silvaticae alliance), in the Beigua Regional Natural Park. This area is characterised by a sub-oceanic climate, very close to that of the Mediterranean. Thysananthus auriculatus [≡ Mastigolejeunea auriculata (Wilson) Steph.] is a widespread species in tropical America and tropical Africa (Sukkharak and Gradstein 2014). This is the first confirmed record of the species for Guinea-Bissau, although Catarino et al. (2006) reported 'Mastigolejeunea aff. auriculata' for the Cantanhez region (Guinea-Bissau).
Thysananthus auriculatus is characterised by its dark green to blackish colour, the strongly convex, and sometimes subsquarrose, leaves with upcurved to incurved ventral margins, the apical margin of the lobule obliquely running into the ventral margin of the leaf lobe and the usually plane lateral margins of the underleaves (Sukkharak and Gradstein 2014).
The occurrence of Tortella alpicola in Europe was recognised some 15 years ago (Otnyukova et al. 2004;Rams et al. 2006) and this late discovery is surely due to the similarity of the taxon to T. fragilis (Drumm.) Limpr. Tortella fragilis is widespread and locally abundant in European mountain regions. Both species have long acuminate and easily broken leaf apices that are usually erect when the plants are wet. However, T. alpicola differs from T. fragilis in the barrel-shaped segmentation of the leaf acumen where distinct constrictions predefine breaking points, and conspicuously shiny, white basal leaf cells. By contrast, T. fragilis lacks constrictions in the leaf acumen and the hyaline basal cells are yellowish-white.
Tortella alpicola was described from the Himalaya Mountains (Dixon 1930) and was first reported for Europe from the Urals (Otnyukova et al. 2004). Rams et al. (2006) reported the species from the Sierra Nevada and subsequently it was recorded in European mountain areas of France, Norway, Austria, Switzerland and the Canary Islands (Dirkse and Losada-Lima 2011;Chavoutier and Hugonnot 2013;Schröck et al. 2013;Bergamini et al. 2015Bergamini et al. , 2017Köckinger et al. 2016;Swissbryophytes 2018). Here, the Italian Alps are added to the known distribution of the taxon. The species was recorded in the central Alps on calcareous schist and in the southern Alps on dolomite. All records are from high elevations, partly exceeding 3000 m a.s.l.
Tortella fragilis is a fairly rare and localised species in the maritime Antarctic. It is locally common and abundant only on Alexander Island and on James Ross Island and occasional and widely scattered along the western and eastern coasts of the Antarctic Peninsula ). In the peri-Antarctic archipelagoes it was only once recorded on King George Island, the largest of the South Shetland Islands (Wierzgoń et al. 2018) and herein it is recorded from Livingston Island, the second largest island of this archipelago. It was formerly recorded from this island as T. fragilis var. tortelloides (S.W.Greene) R.H.Zander & Hoe (Sancho et al. 1999). This is a notable addition to the moss flora of this island which currently consists of 57 species, eight of which belong to the Pottiaceae, including three of Syntrichia Brid., two of Hennediella Paris and three each of Tortella (Müll.Hal.) Limpr., Didymodon Hedw. and Bryoerythrophyllum P.C.Chen (Ochyra and Zander 2002;. Tortella fragilis is very rare in the austral polar regions and outside the Antarctic it is known only from subantarctic South Georgia (Ochyra, Bednarek-Ochyra et al. 2002) and Îles Kerguelen (Ochyra and Poulsen 2003 A revision of collections of Tortella from the western Balkan Peninsula revealed the fourth and fifth record of the recently described T. mediterranea (Köckinger et al. 2018). These records from southern Montenegro form a bridge between two of the three hitherto known localities from Croatia and Greece. Four of the known occurrences are situated in the prominent mesozoic limestone mountain range east of the Adriatic that extends from Istria to northern Greece, which appears to be the main distribution area.
Habitat conditions of the newly found populations correspond to the previous finds, which were all from limestone. However, the second collection was from a distinctly higher elevation (1010 m a. s. l.) than previously recorded (200, 500 and 620 m a.s.l. respectively), and the associated bryophytes, Plagiopus oederianus (Sw.) H.A.Crum & L.E.Anderson, Ctenidium molluscum (Hedw.) Mitt., Orthothecium rufescens (Dicks. ex Brid.) Schimp. and Gymnostomum aeruginosum Sm., have to be regarded as more cryophilous than expected. Nevertheless, both localities are situated very close to the Adriatic. South-western Montenegro and in particular the Orjen Mountains receive Europe's heaviest precipitation (more than 6000 mm). Seemingly, T. mediterranea, prefers mountaineous limestone areas with heavy winter rain close to the sea, which is also true for the type locality on Mallorca.
Tortella mediterranea can be recognised by the following combination of characters: (1) absence of a stem central strand, (2) narrowly lanceolate leaves with an ovate base and a narrow mucro, (3) partial presence of elongate marginal cells in upper leaf, (4) small laminal cells, (5) rather gradual limb-sheath transition and (6)  Warnstorfia sarmentosa is a common species in the South Orkney Islands and the South Shetland Islands in the northern maritime Antarctic. Additionally, it has been recorded from James Ross Island off the East Antarctic Peninsula and on Cape Kjelmann on Davis Coast on the West Antarctic Peninsula. Its southernmost locality was found at lat. 65°32 ′ S on Lahille Island in the Grandidier Channel off Graham Coast . Herein, W. sarmentosa is collected for the second time from the mainland Antarctic Peninsula from Rasmussen Oasis on Graham Coast and from Booth Island in Wilhelm Archipelago. At both sites it is a component of the moss carpet subformation which is widespread in this area (Parnikoza et al. 2018). In Wilhelm Archipelago only the moss flora of the Argentine Islands was surveyed by Lewis Smith and Corner (1973), whose moss collection consisted of 32 species . Recent field studies yielded four additional species (Blockeel et al. 2006;Ellis, Alataş et al. 2016;Ellis, Aleffi, Alegro et al. 2016;Ellis, Asthana, Srivastava, Omar, et al. 2016), increasing the moss flora of the Argentine Islands to 36 species. Generally, in the region between Lemaire Channel and Lahille Island in the north-south gradient and Cruls and Roca Islands -Graham Coast in the west-east direction some 49 moss species have been recorded . The species richness of this insular area is remarkable and justifies its recognition as an Antarctic Specially Protected Area.
A. D. Potemkin is grateful to Nele Ingerpuu for information on habitat and distribution of Lophozia perssonii in Estonia. The study of A. D. Potemkin was carried out in the framework of the institutional research project of Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences "Flora and systematics of lichens and bryophytes of Russia and phytogeographically important regions" (АААА-А19-119020690077-4). The field work of R. Medina was funded by the United States National Science Foundation (DEB-1753673). He also acknowledges A. Manteca for his assistance in the field. A. V. Shkurko is grateful to V. E. Fedosov for support and encouragement.