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As antas e o megalitismo da regiĆ£o de Lisboa
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Abstract(s)
As antas sĆ£o uma das facetas visĆveis do fenĆ³meno do Megalitismo da regiĆ£o de Lisboa, verificando-se este tambĆ©m em grutas naturais e artificiais, e tholoi. Assim, este trabalho procurou integrar e compreender aquele tipo de sepulcro especĆfico no Ć¢mbito do fenĆ³meno funerĆ”rio regional.Quando avaliadas localmente, mas tambĆ©m com outras regiƵes vizinhas, as antas de Lisboa surgem em nĆŗmero bastante reduzido. Contudo, mais do que um fraco impacto do Megalitismo desta regiĆ£o, pelo contrĆ”rio, a sua construĆ§Ć£o parece reforƧar a importĆ¢ncia do fenĆ³meno para aquelas comunidades. Os dados compilados permitiram situar cronologicamente as primeiras utilizaƧƵes das antas de Lisboa essencialmente entre os meados e a segunda metade do 4Āŗ milĆ©nio a.n.e., em momento aparentemente mais recente do que as primeiras evidĆŖncias do fenĆ³meno do Megalitismo, registadas em grutas naturais da regiĆ£o. Posteriormente, na primeira metade do 3Āŗ milĆ©nio a.n.e., estes sepulcros continuam a ser usados, sem interregnos evidentes, mas com alteraƧƵes no espĆ³lio de acompanhamento. Numa primeira fase, provavelmente atĆ© finais do 4 Āŗ milĆ©nio, os materiais depositados apresentavam um carĆ”cter utilitĆ”rio e tecnĆ³mico, no perĆodo sequente, evidenciou-se o conjunto de artefactos ideotĆ©cnicos. Alargando a abordagem cronolĆ³gica a outras regiƵes peninsulares, os resultados escrutinados parecem indicar perĆodo similar para as primeiras utilizaƧƵes daqueles edifĆcios funerĆ”rios, com a sua generalizaĆ§Ć£o durante a segunda metade do 4Āŗ milĆ©nio a.n.e..Face Ć possibilidade de anĆ”lise dos restos osteolĆ³gicos depositados nos sepulcros estremenhos e, em concreto, das antas da regiĆ£o de Lisboa, foi possĆvel verificar a ausĆŖncia de qualquer aparente exclusĆ£o de indivĆduos por sexo ou idade. Inclusive, a anĆ”lise de paleodietas de alguns indivĆduos adultos evidenciou hĆ”bitos alimentares semelhantes entre sexos. Assim, Ć© provĆ”vel que estas comunidades valorizassem as suas linhagens, tendo as antas servido para o depĆ³sito final dos seus elementos.
Antas are one of the visible facets of the Megalithism phenomenon in the region of Lisbon as well as natural caves, rock-cut tombs and vaulted chamber tombs (tholoi). This work seeks to integrate and understand this type of specific sepulchre within the context of the funerary phenomenon in this area. When evaluated locally, but also with other neighbouring regions, the antas of Lisbon are represented by a drastically reduced number. However, more than just suggesting a poor representation of the impact of Megalithism in this region, on the contrary, its construction appears to reinforce the importance of this phenomenon for those communities. The data compiled here allows for a chronological reading of the first periods of usage for the antas of Lisbon, dating to the middle and second half of the 4th millennium BCE, a moment apparently more recent than the evidence of the Megalithic phenomenon as registered in the natural caves in the region. Later on, during the first half of the 3rd millennium BCE, these tombs continued in usage, without evident interruption, but with alterations in burial assemblages. In the initial stage, probably until the end of the 4th millennium, the materials deposited are characterized as utilitarian and technomic in nature while in the subsequent period, there is evidence of ideotechnic assemblages. Widening the chronological reading to other areas of the peninsula, scrutinized results appear to indicate a similar periods of first utilization in these types of funerary structures, becoming widespread during the 2nd half of the 4th millennium BCE. Given the possibility of analyzing the osteological remains deposited in tombs from the Estremadura, specifically in the antas from the region of Lisbon, it was possible to verify that no individuals were excluded due to sex or age. Moreover, the paleodietary analysis of some adult individuals demonstrated similar nutrition standards between both sexes. Therefore, it is probable that these communities valued its lineages with the antas and other types of tombs serving as the final resting grounds for all of its members.
Antas are one of the visible facets of the Megalithism phenomenon in the region of Lisbon as well as natural caves, rock-cut tombs and vaulted chamber tombs (tholoi). This work seeks to integrate and understand this type of specific sepulchre within the context of the funerary phenomenon in this area. When evaluated locally, but also with other neighbouring regions, the antas of Lisbon are represented by a drastically reduced number. However, more than just suggesting a poor representation of the impact of Megalithism in this region, on the contrary, its construction appears to reinforce the importance of this phenomenon for those communities. The data compiled here allows for a chronological reading of the first periods of usage for the antas of Lisbon, dating to the middle and second half of the 4th millennium BCE, a moment apparently more recent than the evidence of the Megalithic phenomenon as registered in the natural caves in the region. Later on, during the first half of the 3rd millennium BCE, these tombs continued in usage, without evident interruption, but with alterations in burial assemblages. In the initial stage, probably until the end of the 4th millennium, the materials deposited are characterized as utilitarian and technomic in nature while in the subsequent period, there is evidence of ideotechnic assemblages. Widening the chronological reading to other areas of the peninsula, scrutinized results appear to indicate a similar periods of first utilization in these types of funerary structures, becoming widespread during the 2nd half of the 4th millennium BCE. Given the possibility of analyzing the osteological remains deposited in tombs from the Estremadura, specifically in the antas from the region of Lisbon, it was possible to verify that no individuals were excluded due to sex or age. Moreover, the paleodietary analysis of some adult individuals demonstrated similar nutrition standards between both sexes. Therefore, it is probable that these communities valued its lineages with the antas and other types of tombs serving as the final resting grounds for all of its members.
Description
Tese de doutoramento, HistĆ³ria (PrĆ©-HistĆ³ria), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2009
Keywords
Megalitismo - Lisboa (Portugal) MegĆ”litos - Lisboa (Portugal) Arquitectura prĆ©-histĆ³rica - Lisboa (Portugal) PrĆ©-histĆ³ria - Portugal Teses de doutoramento - 2010