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A Confederação Geral do Trabalho (1919-1927)
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| Vol1 | 4.95 MB | Adobe PDF | ||
| Vol2 | 8.72 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Este documento dá conta dos resultados do trabalho de investigação sobre a Confederação Geral do Trabalho (CGT), o organismo de cúpula do sindicalismo português, nos anos de 1919 a 1927. Formada em 1919, no II Congresso Operário Nacional de Coimbra, foi determinada a sua dissolução pelas autoridades após a tentativa de golpe de estado de Fevereiro de 1927. Apresentam-se os antecedentes imediatos da organização, o modelo organizativo que adoptou, o funcionamento dos principais órgãos confederais e a relação com os organismos confederados, o essencial da vida interna destes e a sua participação na actividade confederal; identificam-se organismos, militantes e activistas de referência, a geografia do sindicalismo português, o papel determinante do jornal A Batalha, e os principais eventos, como os três congressos nacionais de sindicatos. Surpreende-se o ambiente social e laboral no país, as principais determinantes da acção sindical e confederal, a militância e a participação; mas também as insuficiências e dificuldades, a repressão e os seus efeitos, os grandes temas fracturantes – as Internacionais sindicalistas, a orientação do sindicalismo (libertário, à margem dos partidos políticos ou irmanado com o Partido Comunista), a táctica sindical e a capacidade e autosuficiência do sindicalismo, ou a participação da CGT em acções e estruturas frentistas unitárias defendidas pelos sindicalistas comunistas. Analisam-se pontos críticos da organização, como a escassez de recursos humanos e financeiros, a redução do efectivo sindicalizado, e apresentam-se momentos graves da organização – a atitude face ao “18 de Abril” e ao “28 de Maio”, o confronto interno entre militantes/activistas sindicais das sensibilidades anarquista e comunista, a expulsão de dirigentes sindicalistas comunistas da CGT em 1921, a saída de sindicatos importantes em 1925, a crise protagonizada por Santos Arranha e Manuel Joaquim de Sousa em 1926, que levou várias Federações a abandonar a organização, o “3-7 de Fevereiro de 1927”.
This document presents the results of a research work on the Confederação Geral do Trabalho (CGT), the top organism the Portuguese trade unionism in the years 1919- 1927. Founded in 1919, on the II National Labour Congress in Coimbra, authorities determined its dissolution following the attempted of the coup d'etat of February 1927. CGT’s antecedents, it’s organizational model, organs and the relationship with the confederate organisms, their inner life and their participation in confederal activities, are presented; organizations, main activists and militants, the geography of the Portuguese trade unionism, the important role played by the newspaper A Batalha, and major events, with emphasis on the three national trade union congress, are identified. The social and labor environment, the main determinants of trade union action, militancy and participation are observed; but also the shortcomings and difficulties, repression and its effects, the major divisive issues – international affiliation, the orientation of syndicalism (libertarian, on the sidelines of the political parties or world joined together with the Communist Party), union tactics and the self-sufficiency of unionism, or the participation of the CGT in activities and frontist unit structures defended by communist trade unionists militants. Furthermore, several critical points of the organization, such as the shortage of human and financial resources and the reduction of the workers unionized are analyzed. In addition to this, serious moments of the organization are presented in detail - the attitude towards the "April 18, 1925" and "May 28, 1926" military coups, the internal conflict between union militants / activists of anarchist and communist sensibilities, the expulsion of communist CGT union leaders in 1921, the output of major trade unions in 1925, the crisis starring Santos Arranha e Manuel Joaquim de Sousa in 1926, which took several Federations to leave the organization, the "3-7 February 1927."
This document presents the results of a research work on the Confederação Geral do Trabalho (CGT), the top organism the Portuguese trade unionism in the years 1919- 1927. Founded in 1919, on the II National Labour Congress in Coimbra, authorities determined its dissolution following the attempted of the coup d'etat of February 1927. CGT’s antecedents, it’s organizational model, organs and the relationship with the confederate organisms, their inner life and their participation in confederal activities, are presented; organizations, main activists and militants, the geography of the Portuguese trade unionism, the important role played by the newspaper A Batalha, and major events, with emphasis on the three national trade union congress, are identified. The social and labor environment, the main determinants of trade union action, militancy and participation are observed; but also the shortcomings and difficulties, repression and its effects, the major divisive issues – international affiliation, the orientation of syndicalism (libertarian, on the sidelines of the political parties or world joined together with the Communist Party), union tactics and the self-sufficiency of unionism, or the participation of the CGT in activities and frontist unit structures defended by communist trade unionists militants. Furthermore, several critical points of the organization, such as the shortage of human and financial resources and the reduction of the workers unionized are analyzed. In addition to this, serious moments of the organization are presented in detail - the attitude towards the "April 18, 1925" and "May 28, 1926" military coups, the internal conflict between union militants / activists of anarchist and communist sensibilities, the expulsion of communist CGT union leaders in 1921, the output of major trade unions in 1925, the crisis starring Santos Arranha e Manuel Joaquim de Sousa in 1926, which took several Federations to leave the organization, the "3-7 February 1927."
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento, História (História Contemporânea), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2014
Palavras-chave
Confederação Geral do Trabalho - História Sindicalismo - Portugal - 1919-1927 Sindicalismo revolucionário - Portugal - 1919-1927 Sindicatos - Portugal - séc.20 Teses de doutoramento - 2014